Why write one at all
A CV answers "what can you do". A letter answers "why are you writing to us specifically". Without the second answer, don't send one — it only irritates.
What a working letter contains
Four or five sentences:
- Why this company. One sentence, but a genuine one. Not "I admire your dynamic team" — rather "I use your service and want to understand how it works from the inside".
- Which of the required skills you already have. Name two or three from the posting that you genuinely know.
- What backs that up. A link to a project, a repository, a concrete result. One link beats three paragraphs of description.
- How much time you can give. Particularly important for students.
- A short close. No "I eagerly await your response".
What shouldn't be there
- The CV retold in prose.
- Apologies for having no experience. They already know.
- Promises to "learn fast and give a hundred per cent". Everyone writes that.
- A template sent to fifty companies. It's obvious, and it rarely gets answered.
A structure that works
"Hello. I'm writing about the backend internship.
I've been writing Python for six months, the last two in a team of three: we built an expense tracker and I handled the database and the queries against it. It works and the code is open: link.
From your requirements list I'm solid on Python and SQL. I haven't worked with message queues yet, but I'll pick them up.
I can give twenty hours a week, weekday afternoons."
That's it. That's enough.
What strengthens the letter
A link to finished work, and a mention of team experience. Employers value the second especially: an internship drops you into a team, and they want to know how you behave in one.
If your part in a project was confirmed by its owner — with a description of what you actually did — that's precisely the kind of argument that doesn't need to be taken on trust.
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